The RET proto-oncogene is located at 10q11.2, is 60 kb in length, and contains 21 exons. After the RET gene is fused, thedimerization can be completed without ligands, resulting in the RET tyrosine kinase region, downstream Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK,PI3K/AKT and other signal pathways are continuously activated. It continues to drive cell proliferation, migration and differentiation etc., which will cause the occurrence of tumors. RET is one of the most common driver genes for papillary thyroidcarcinoma (PTC).13 different oncogenic RET/PTC fusion proteins have been discovered. Among them, RET/PTC1accounts for about 60% of RET-related PTC, RET/PTC3 accounts for about 30%, and RET/PTC2 accounts for about 10%. Theremaining RET/PTC family members are extremely rare.

Detected Significance
1.FNA samples of thyroid nodules, coarse needle puncture samples or surgical resection samples for RET gene fusiondetection can help assist in the diagnosis of PTC.
2. Patients with unresectable, refractory iodine, locally recurring or metastatic thyroid cancer should be tested for RETgene fusion status to help guide treatments.

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